Volume 13, Issue 1
Original Article / Published: September 2025
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.57045/jemis/1310925.pp5-10
I.Saltirov¹, K. Petkova¹, O. Gatsev¹, K. Hristov¹, V. Todorova¹, D. Petrova²
¹Urology Clinic, ²Nephrology Clinic, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract
This review article traces the historical development of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), from early experimental attempts at renal access to modern minimally invasive techniques. Special emphasis is placed on the introduction and evolution of PCNL in Bulgaria, highlighting the pioneering role of the Military Medical Academy (MMA) in Sofia. Key technological and clinical milestones are presented, along with the contributions of Bulgarian specialists to the refinement of the procedure. The article underscores PCNL’s significance as a cornerstone in contemporary urological practice and emphasizes the educational and research mission of the MMA Urology Clinic.
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Keywords:
PCNL, urolithiasis, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, minimally invasive surgery, MMA, history of urology
How to cite this article:
I.Saltirov, K.Petkova, O. Gatsev, K.Hristov, V.Todorova, D.Petrova, History and Development of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL): 40 Years of Clinical and Scientific Experience at the Military Medical Academy – Sofia. Journal of Endourology and Minimally Invasive Surgery (Bulgaria), 2025; 13(1): 5-10
Corresponding author:
Prof. Iliya Saltirov, MD, PhD, DSc.
Urology Clinic Military Medical Academy Sofia, Bulgaria
Email: saltirov@vma.bg